Historical Exchange Rate Lookup
See roughly what an amount would have been worth in a past year. The year-by-year rates here are illustrative reference data โ modelled from todayโs reference rate and a published decade-shaped index, not official historical quotes. For a filing or an audit, use the official sources listed below.
Illustrative โ not official quotesInputs
For a real rate on a real date use the official archive: IRS yearly averages (US tax), ECB reference rates (EU), or HMRC exchange rates (UK).
About Historical Exchange Rate Lookup
Where official rates come from
From the authority, not from here. For US tax filings: the IRS yearly average rates table. For UK: HMRC. For EU: ECB reference rates. This page does not reproduce any of them โ its year-by-year rates are illustrative values modelled from the siteโs current reference table, so use an official archive for anything that has to be defensible.
Why exchange rates move
Interest rate differentials (a country with higher rates attracts capital), inflation differentials, trade balances, political stability, central bank intervention.
Spot vs forward
Spot rates apply to immediate transactions. Forward rates price in interest-rate differentials between currencies. For tax purposes, use spot rates from the transaction date.